Represent reality with daily life manipulatives.
For children it is important to start learning mathematics in real-life situations. For example, they will count everything they see: fruit, dolls, pens, scissors, balloons, etc.
Stage 1: informal acting
Stage 2: Represent - concrete
Represent reality with use of realistic models.
For example, represent a number of concrete items like pens or balloons, by sliding the same number of beads on a counting frame. Stimulate the 1 to 1 correspondence and link the action of moving beads and naming the values shown.
Stage 3: Represent - abstract
Represent reality with use of abstract models.
Stimulate children, for example, to recognise and to use the 5 and 10's as anchors when they are counting. By using these structures, representing a number of items can be done more easy and efficient than one by one counting.
Stage 4: Formal acting
Perform formal operations and explain verbally.
Help children to use mental models. For example, instead of really sliding the beads on a counting frame, children learn to make the transition to abstract reasoning by only looking at it.
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